AFTE Store - Bullet Deformation on Unyielding Targets

Some aspects of dynamic deformation of some common bullets are presented with particular terminology associated with this phenomenon. The bullet deformation on an unyielding target (steel plate) has been studied with lead and full metal jacket bullets (caliber 4,5 mm Diabolo, .22 Short, .22 LR, 7,65 mm Browning, 9 mm Browning Short, 9 mm Luger and .38 Special). Attention has been focused on the kinematics during deformation and destruction as well as determination of the relationship between bullet terminal parameters and impact velocity. The main results may be summarized as follows: 1. It has been shown that the bullet terminal shape can be defined by Common Terminal Shape (CTS) and by Specific Terminal Shape (STS). The CTS is not dependant on the impact velocity. 2. The bullet terminal length decreases with impact velocity according to equation (4) and the bullet terminal diameter increases with impact velocity according to equation (6). 3. The influence of strain e on impact velocity is described for lead bullets by equations (8), (9), and for full metal jacketed bullets by equations (10) and (11). 4. Each type and caliber of bullet has an Upper Limit of Dynamic Resistance (ULDRes), which can be determined by the energy for its adiabatic destruction, by equation (12). 5. It has been shown that the metallographic methods are not applicable for impact energy detection by the way of bullet examination.