AFTE Store - The Influence of a Reduced Powder Charge in a Cartridge on the Estimation of Shooting Distance

A study was conducted on possible influences of a reduced gunpowder load in a cartridge on the visual appearance of the shot targets and on the respective chemically visualized patterns of the firearms discharge residues (FDR) at various shooting distances. Experiments were carried out with 9mm Luger and .32 Auto (7.65mm) caliber ammunition, with a full and partial load, at shooting distances from contact up to a range of 75 cm (~29.5 in.)